Acid Reflux essays

Acid Reflux essays Millions of people suffer from Acid Reflux Disease each year. It affects the esophogus and can be fairly serious in some cases. In 1988 more than 61 million American adults said they suffer from it at least once a month. (Diagnosis Health) Acid Reflux disease, also known as Gasrtoesophagael reflux disease is a condition in which the liquid content of the stomach backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. This liquid usually contains pepsin, which is an enzyme that begins the digestion of protien in the stomach, and acid which is also produced in the stomach. The liquid may also contain bile from the stomach. The regurgitated liquid can eventually inflame and damage the lining of the esophagus in serious cases. The acid in the liquid is the most serious of the components. The bile and pepsin also play a role is the damage of the esophagus, but not as big a role. (Medicine net) Acid reflux is a chronic condition, once some one has it, they usually have it for life. The damage to the esophagus is also lifelong, and if a patient is treated, after the treatment ends, the damage will most likely return, so treatment will have to be used indefinetly. The disease is a complex one, with many causes, and causes may be different for every indivual. One of the most important fatcors that lead to acid reflux is the Lower esphogeal sphincter muscle. It surrounds the lower-most end of the esophagus where it joins the stomach. Two abnormalties of the mucle causes acid reflux. If the muscle is weak, it reduces the ability to prevent reflux. Another is abnormal relaxations. The relaxations allow reflux to occur more easily. The relaxations occur in patients with Acid reflux commonly after eating. Relaxations happen to people who do not have the disease, but it is much less frequent. (Medicine Net) Another contributor is Hiatal hernias. The way they contribute is unclear, but the majority of patients that h ...

Goddesses and Sexual Assault in Greek Myth

Goddesses and Sexual Assault in Greek Myth Everyone knows the stories of Greek gods sexual encounters with mortal women, such as when Zeus stole Europa in the shape of a bull and ravished her. Then, there was the time he mated with Leda as a swan, and when he turned poor Io into a cow after having his way with her. But not only human women suffered violent sexual attention from the opposite sex. Even the most powerful females of them all - the goddesses of ancient Greece - fell victim to sexual assault and harassment in Greek myth. Athena and the Snake Baby Patroness of Athens and all-around brilliant divinity, Athena was rightly proud of her chastity. Unfortunately, she ended up enduring harassment from fellow gods - there was one, in particular, her half-brother, Hephaestus. As Hyginus recounts in his Fabulae, Hephaestus approached Athena - whom he says agreed to marry her brother, although that’s doubtful. The bride-to-be resisted. Hephaestus was too excited to keep control, and, â€Å"as they struggled, some of his seed fell to earth, and from it, a boy was born, the lower part of whose body was snake-formed.† Another account has Athena coming to her blacksmith brother for some armor, and, after he attempted to rape her, he â€Å"dropped his seed on the leg of the goddess.†Ã‚  Appalled, Athena wiped his sperm off with a piece of wool and dropped it on the ground, inadvertently fertilizing the earth. Who was the mother, then, if not Athena? Why, Hephaestus’s own ancestress, Gaia, a.k.a. Earth. The child resulting from Hephaestus’s attempted rape of Athena was dubbed Erichthonius - although he may have been one and the same with his descendant, the similarly-named Erechtheus. Summarizes Pausanias, â€Å"Men say that Erichthonius had no human father, but that his parents were Hephaestus and Earth.† Dubbed â€Å"earth-born,† as in Euripides’ Ion, Athena took an interest in her new nephew. Perhaps that was because Erichthonius was an interesting fellow - after all, he was to be king over her city of Athens. Athena stuck Erichthonius in a box and wrapped a snake around him, then entrusted the child to the daughters of Athens’ king. These girls were â€Å"Aglaurus, Pandrosus, and Herse, daughters of Cecrops,† as Hyginus says. As Ovid recounts in his Metamorphoses, Athena â€Å"ordered them not to pry into its secret,† but they did anyway†¦and were either repelled by the snake and baby snuggling - or the fact he mightve been half-snake - or were even driven insane by Athena. Either way, they ended up committing suicide by jumping off the Acropolis. Erichthonius wound up becoming king of Athens. He established both his foster mother’s worship on the Acropolis and the festival of the Panathenaia.   Heras Hardly on Cloud Nine Not even the Queen of Olympus, Hera, was immune to disgusting advances. For one, Zeus, her husband, and the king of the gods may have raped her to shame her into marrying him. Even after her wedding, Hera was still subjected to such horrible incidences. During the war between the gods and the Giants, the latter stormed their rivals’ home on Mt. Olympus. For some reason, Zeus decided to make one giant in particular, Porphyrion, lust after Hera, whom he was already attacking. Then, when Porphyrion tried to rape Hera, â€Å"she called for help, and Zeus smote him with a thunderbolt, and Hercules shot him dead with an arrow.† Why Zeus felt the need to jeopardize his wife in order to justify his murder of a giant - when the gods were already slaying the monsters left and right - boggles the mind. This wasn’t the only time Hera was nearly raped. At one point, she had an ardent mortal admirer named Ixion. In order to satisfy this guy’s lust, Zeus created a cloud that looked exactly like Hera for Ixion to sleep with. Not knowing the difference, Ixion had sex with the cloud, which produced the half-human, half-horse Centaurs. For presuming to sleep with Hera, Zeus sentenced this man to be strapped to a wheel in the Underworld that never stopped turning. This cloud-Hera had a long career of her own. Named Nephele, she ended up marrying Athamas, a king of Boeotia; when Athamas’s second wife wanted to harm Nephele’s children, the cloud lady popped her kids onto a ram - who just happened to have a Golden Fleece - and they flew off. In a similar episode to Hera and Porphyrion, the giant Tityus lusted after Leto, the divine mother of Apollo and Artemis. Writes Pseudo-Apollodorus, â€Å"When Latona [Leto in Latin] came to Pytho [Delphi], Tityus beheld her, and overpowered by lust drew her to him. But she called her children to her aid, and they shot him down with their arrows.†Ã‚  Also, like Ixion, Tityus suffered for his misdeeds in the afterlife, â€Å"for vultures eat his heart in Hades.† Holding Helen and Pursuing Persephone Apparently, sexual assault on the divine ran in Ixion’s family. His son by a prior marriage, Pirithous, became best friends with Theseus. Both guys made vows to abduct and seduce (read: rape) daughters of Zeus, as Diodorus Siculus notes. Theseus kidnapped a pre-teen Helen and may have fathered a daughter with her. That child was Iphigenia, who, in this version of the story, was raised as Agamemnon and Clytemnestra’s kid and was, of course, sacrificed at Aulis in order for the Greek ships to get good winds to sail to Troy. Pirithous dreamed even bigger, lusting after Persephone, daughter of Zeus and Demeter and wife of Hades. Persephone’s own husband kidnapped and raped her, ending up forcing her to stay in the Underworld a good part of the year. Theseus was reluctant to try to abduct a goddess, but he had sworn to help his friend. The two went into the Underworld, but Hades figured out their plan and chained them down. When Heracles trotted down to Hades once, he freed his old pal Theseus,  but Pirithous remained in the Underworld for eternity. Ancient Greece as a Rape Culture? Can we actually identify consent or rape in Greek myth? In some colleges, students have requested trigger warnings before discussing particularly violent Greek texts. The incredibly violent circumstances that appear in Greek myths and tragic plays have led some scholars to deem ancient Greek tragedy a â€Å"rape culture.†Ã‚  It’s an interesting notion; a few classicists have argued that misogyny and rape are modern constructs and such ideas can’t be used effectively when evaluating the past. For example, from one perspective arguing  for terms like â€Å"seduction† and â€Å"kidnapping† over â€Å"rape,† negates the character’s anguish, while other scholars see rape as an initiation rite or identify victims as the aggressors. The above hypotheses can be neither confirmed nor denied but can present different arguments for the reader to consider both sides and to add a few more stories to the repertoire of seduction or sexual violence in Greek myth. This time, there are stories of the highest ladies in the land - goddesses - suffering as their female counterparts did.

Political Comic Strip & Character Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Comic Strip & Character - Essay Example The political comic strip was therefore effective in relaying an intended message using the rhetorical element of ethos, or character. As shown, the speaker in the comic strip was noted to be a president due to the visual image of the presidential seal on the podium. The readers could in fact have other characters of a president in mind, were in not for the comic strip to have been printed and published during the helm of President Obama’s term. As a president of the United States, definitely, the credibility, reliability and trustworthiness of the person had been firmly established being the topmost elected political figure. As such, the argument in the strip focused on relaying that being the president, the only dilemma of a serious economic situation, such as government spending, is the perceived reluctance of the people to spend. The message was clear, straightforward and humorous and provided the needed appeal to a wider range of audience. Webpage on Ellen DeGeneres The b iographical webpage selected was biography.com and the famous person chosen for the discussion is Ellen DeGeneres, one of the most viewed television talk show hosts in the United States in contemporary times. The objective of this portion is to evaluate how the webpage makes an argument about the subject?s character. First, after searching for the name of Ellen DeGeneres from biography.com, her profile is immediately accessed. Viewers could see her photo at the left side portion of the screen, and under the photo were quick facts such as name, occupation, birthdate, education, place of birth and even her zodiac sign. Following that rundown of short personal information, the label ‘BEST KNOWN FOR’ â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres is one of America’s most well-known comedians and talk show hosts, also serving as a prominent gay/lesbian role model† (Ellen DeGeneres.biography, 2013, p. 1) was disclosed. From this information alone, viewers who could have not known DeGene res could already be provided with an accurate overview of what she represents. The most important adjectives or words that establish the person include well-known comedian, talk show host, and gay/lesbian role model. In the middle portion of the page, the topmost portion was reserved for viewers who might opt to see a video of Ellen. Below this portion, the following headings and detailed discussions were presented in the following order: synopsis, early life, stand-up comedy, Ellen: the Sitcom, Ellen: the Talk Show, and personal life; of which the whole information are contained in two pages. From the information that are presented in this webpage, viewers are provided with enough contents that could effectively establish the character of a person. Although one has known Ellen DeGeneres from being a regular viewer of her television show, some information were new and assisted in confirming that Ellen was indeed funny, talented and has a kind and sincere heart. Her closing remarks in her Ellen: the Talk Show: ‘be kind to one another’ aptly embodies her character. Likewise, by disclosing that she was a lesbian, the brief historical information on her life and specifically at the time when she revealed this homosexuality in public could be perceived as challenging; yet, necessary to provide a more accurate image of her sexuality. Eventually, the revelation paid off since from then, her

Affordable care act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affordable care act - Assignment Example Some of the reasons that led to its failure were technical, and others were political. Political problems came about due to the presidential over-promising as well as radical political opposition that the project faced. The process used to choose companies that were supposed to create a website by the government was faced with fraudulent. This resulted to massive failure of the website that was intended to make it simple to apply and acquire insurance hence the process was not running the way it was supposed for everyone. The website was too slow, and people could get stuck throughout the process of application. The government should have solved this problem by invalidating the list of contractors who had been chosen through a fraudulent process and carry out transparency procurement process.Regardless of the problems officials of federal health proceeded with the designed rollout. The outcome was that the website went down shortly after many people tried to run the process. This fai lure was said to have been caused by the government over-reliance specific contractors for the technology work hence the process producing uninspiring outcomes. However, other people attributed the problem to be poor planning and implementation rather than contractors hired from private companies. In addition, companies that offered insurance services complained that they were getting incomplete information about customers. This led to suggestions that made Obama hire outside experts to try to help in fixing the website tribulations.

Threatened species - Bradypus Torquatus Coursework - 1

Threatened species - Bradypus Torquatus - Coursework Example The causes of deforestation are agriculture and urbanization. The size of the Atlantic forest, locally called as the Mata Atlantica, has been reduced to 10% of its original size (Hance, 2010). Gravely affected with such change in landscape are the maned sloths, because an individual needs as much as a hectare as habitat. As well, contributing in the increased risk of their extinction is the fact that their litter size is 1 and there are only 15-20 births between February and April, although the absence of distinctive mane among juveniles allows them to hide in their mother’s fur. These slow-moving animals that spend 60-80% of their time resting is susceptible to become prey to mammalian predators (Hayssen, 2009). Thus, this species is already enlisted as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Since human activity has a large part in it, ways on allowing harmonious co-existence between humans and wild animals must thus be determined before this endangered species become extinct. Studies are thus being made to identify effective means for humans to better protect B, torquatus and to facilitate the increase in the population of this animal. Since much of the problem concerns the habitat, one of the studies conducted tried to determine whether cacao agroforest, locally called as cabrucas, interspersed between the remaining patches of Atlantic forests can serve as a habitat for this endangered species. Agroforestry has long been suggested as a solution to decreasing wildlife population partly caused by human-initiated landscape changes. This way, humans can earn a livelihood, while providing habitat to displaced animals as well. For 40 months, Cassano and her colleagues (2011) monitored three maned sloths living in the Cabana de Serra farm containing primary and secondary forests interspersed with shaded cacao and rubber tree plantations. There were also swamp and pastures. The sloths

Features of Intellectual Disability, and Interventions

Features of Intellectual Disability, and Interventions INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. Mental retardation refers to significantly sub average general intellectual functioning resulting in or associated with concurrent impairment in adaptive behavior and manifested during the development period What is intellectual disability? Intellectual disability has limitations in two areas. These areas are: Intellectual functioning (IQ): this refers to a person’s ability to learn reason, make decisions, and solve problems. Adaptive behaviors: is defined as the degrees with which the individual meets the standards of personal independence and social responsibility expected of his age cultural group. Classification Intelligent quotient is the ratio between Mental Age (MA) and Chronological Age (CA). Intelligence quotient is measured by an IQ test. The average IQ is 100. To measure a child’s adaptive behaviors, a specialist will observe the child’s skills and compare them to other children of the same age. Things that may be observed include how well the child can feed or dress himself or herself; how well the child is able to communicate with and understand others; and how the child interacts with family, friends, and other children of the same age. Intellectual disability is thought to affect about 1% of the population. Of those affected, 85% have mild intellectual disability. This means they are just a little slower than average to learn new information or skills. With the right support, most will be able to live independently as adults. Signs and Symptoms Generally speaking, the symptoms of mental retardation include delays in oral language development, deficits in memory skills, difficulty learning social roles, difficulty with problems solving skills, decreased learning ability or an inability to meet education demands at school, failure to achieve the markers of intellectual development and a lack of social inhibition. However, symptoms of mental retardation will vary depending on the condition’s severity. For instance, while signs of mild retardation (i.e., those with IQs of about 52 to 79) may include a lack of curiosity and quiet behavior, signs of severe mental retardation (i.e., those with IQs of about 20 to 35) may include infant-like behavior throughout the patient’s life, and those with profound mental retardation (i.e., IQs of 19 or below) are likely to have limited motor and communication skills and require lifelong nursing care. The symptoms of mental retardation are broken out by the level of the condition below. Mild intellectual disability: From birth to age six, these children are able to develop social and communication skills, but their motor skills are slightly impaired. In late adolescence, they can usually read at a sixth-grade level. They are typically able to develop appropriate social skills, and adults can often work and support themselves, though some of these individuals may require assistance during times of social or financial stress. Moderate intellectual disability: Children with this condition who are six years old or younger can talk and communicate, but usually have poor social awareness. Their motor coordination is fair, and adolescents can learn some occupational and social skills. Adults can sometimes support themselves and hold down a job, though they often require guidance and assistance during stressful periods. Severe intellectual disability: Young children with this condition have limited speech abilities, though they can usually say a few words. Their motor coordination is mostly poor. While adolescents can communication with others and can learn simple habits, they typically require lifelong guidance and assistance with daily activities. Profound intellectual disability: Young children with this level of mental retardation have very little motor coordination of often require nursing care, which can last a lifetime. Adolescents have limited motor and communication skills. Causes Intellectual disabilityaffects about 1% to3% of the population. In India, 5 out of 1000 children’s are MR (The Indian Express, 13th March 2001) Causes of intellectual disability can include: Infections (present at birth or occurring after birth) Genetic Factors (such as Down syndrome) Environmental (Child Abuse) Metabolic (Wilsons Disease) Nutritional (malnutrition) Trauma (before and after birth) Unexplained (this largest category is for unexplained occurrences) Diagnosis To meet the criteria for the diagnosis of Mental Retardation, three areas must be considered. Onset must occur before 18 years of age.In addition, the person must have Below average general intellectual functioning.General intellectual functioning is defined by the intelligence quotient (IQ) obtained by assessment with one or more of the standardized, individually administered intelligence tests. The choice of testing instrument and interpretation of results should take into account factors that may affect test performance, such as sociocultural background, native language and associated communication, and motor and sensory handicaps. Specialized tests may be used to measure other aspects of development. Intellectual impairment is categorized by four degrees of severity. These classifications suggest the types of interventions that would be appropriate and offer clues as to long-term outcome. Mild retardation:Mild retardation: IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70 (85% of people with mental retardation are in this category) Moderate retardation:IQ level 35-40 to 50-55 (10% of people with mental retardation) Severe retardation:IQ level 20-25 to 35-40 (3 4% of people with mental retardation) Profound retardation:IQ level below 20 or 25 (1 2% of people with mental retardation) Significant limitations in adaptive functioningin at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health and safety. Prevention Genetic counseling: screening during pregnancy Social Nutrition programs Preventing exposure to lead, mercury, and other toxins reduces the risk of disability. Infectious diseases: For example, rubella syndrome can be prevented through vaccination. Avoiding exposure to catfeces that can cause toxoplasmosis during pregnancy helps reduce disability from this infection. What about School? Early intervention programs are essential to maximize the children’s potential development. This necessitates early recognition and referral. Teachers have opportunity to evaluate children’s in school. Some of these skills include: communicating with others. taking care of personal needs (dressing, bathing, going to the bathroom). health and safety. home living (helping to set the table, cleaning the house, or cooking dinner). social skills (manners, knowing the rules of conversation, getting along in a group, playing a game). reading, writing, and basic math and as they get older, skills that will help them in the workplace. Supports or changes in the classroom (called adaptations) help most students with mental retardation. Some common changes that help students with mental retardation are listed below under â€Å"Tips for Teachers.† The resources below also include ways to help children with mental retardation. Tips for Parents Learn about mental retardation. The more you know, the more you can help yourself and your child. See the list of resources and organizations at the end of this publication. Encourage independence in your child. For example, help your child learn daily care skills, such as dressing, feeding him or herself, using the bathroom, and grooming. Parents are taught behavior modification techniques to decrease to eliminate problematic behavior. Give your child chores. Keep his/her age, attention span, and abilities in mind. Break down jobs into smaller steps. For example, if your child’s job is to set the table, first ask him/her to get the right number of napkins. Then have him/her put one at each family member’s place at the table. Do the same with the utensils, going one at a time. Tell him/her what to do, step by step, until the job is done. Demonstrate how to do the job. Help her when she needs assistance. Give your child frequent feedback. Praise your child when he or she does well. Build your child’s abilities. Find out what skills your child is learning at school. Find ways for your child to apply those skills at home. For example, if the teacher is going over a lesson about money, take your child to the supermarket with you. Help him count out the money to pay for your groceries. Help him count the change. Find opportunities in your community for social activities, such as scouts, recreation center activities, sports, and so on. These will help your child build social skills as well as to have fun. Tips for Teachers There is now an increase use of more specialist teaching and variety of innovative procedures for teaching language and other methods of communication. Hints for successful skill training Give the student immediate feedback. Divide each training activity into small steps and demonstrate. Start the training with what the child already knows and then proceed to the skill that needs to be trained. Reward his effort even if the child attains near success. Give the training regularly and systematically. Use training materials which are attractive, appropriate and locally available. Treatment Environmental supervision Programs that Maximize Speech, language, social, psychomotor, cognitive and occupational skills. Ongoing Evaluation. Parental counseling and supportive psychotherapy. Behavior management. REFERENCES Townsend M, Psychiatric Mental health Nursing, 6th ed. New Delhi: Jaypeee Brother Publications ; 2013:chap 4. The Arc of the United States American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)

Religion and Politics in Tibet Essay -- Political

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, is the spiritual and political leader of an ancient people without a country, and is the binding and driving force behind Tibetan nonviolent resistance and cultural rebuilding. He was born July 6, 1935, making him 69 years old. He has lived all but 15 of these 69 years in exile from his country, continually being a main reason for their survival. The Dalai Lama is now considering his successor, and plans to do so through democratic means instead of the traditional process of divination. He has also been guiding his country toward a westernized organization of government in recent years, more and more towards a greater separation of church and state. How will Tibet, a country defined by its religious fervor, survive in exile with a separation of religion and politics? The Dalai Lama and Tibet have stood together against one of the largest countries in the world for half a century. Even though Tibet has yet to regain its sovereignty, it has managed to survive and even thrive while in exile, and is slowly making small steps back toward once again ruling the Land of Snows. Tibet’s success so far is due to its unique blend of religion and politics. Their success is evident in the equality of their people, their peaceful nature, and the continued success of their resistance to China for the last 54 years. A Secular Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the living incarnation of the Bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokitesvara. The institution of the Dalai Lama was created by a Mongol chief, Altan Khan, in the year 1578. Altan Khan already ruled a great section of the Mongolian empire and parts of northern China when he first came in contact with Tibet. In this first meeting, Altan met t... ...lizes.† Peace Magazine. (Oct-Dec 2002): 6 Ram, Senthil. The Pragmatism in Tibetan Nonviolent Politics [online]. The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, June 2004 [cited 18 November 2004]. Available from the World Wide Web: (http://www.transnational.org /forum/Nonviolence/2004/Ram_pragmatismTibet.html) The Government of Tibet in Exile [online]. Available from the World Wide Web: (www.tibet.com) Thurman, Robert A. F, Kenneth Kraft. Inner Peace, World Peace: Tibet and the Monastic Army of Peace. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992. US Department of State [online]. Available from the World Wide Web: (www.state.gov) Woodward, Kenneth L. â€Å"Dalai Lama: 'My Name, My Popularity' Useful in Promoting Human Values, Harmony Among Religions; 'Next Dalai Lama Could Be Indian or European ... Even A Woman'.† Newsweek. (August 9, 1999)