Cultural Frameworks Of Culture Differences - 1648 Words

Essay Introduction It is universally recognised that cultures vary significantly across the globe; the variations of cultures may pose underlying effects to the operations of modern business in context of further progression of globalisation. To understand culture differences to a greater extent, the definition of culture needs to be clarified; Greet Hofstede (1994, p.1) defines it as ‘the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category from another’. Therefore, it implies that people from different cultural backgrounds could have distinct behaviours and reactions even in the same situation. Thus, understanding the culture differences may be critical for conducting effective and efficient communications in multinational business management. Investigating into the potential influences of culture differences, this essay will discuss Hofstede’s cultural frameworks, with contrasts and comparisons with other frameworks; analysing the scores obtained for my background with this model; and finally providing recommendations on cross-cultural management Discussion of cultural frameworks According to Hofstede (1980, 1991), cultural values can be viewed in 5 dimensions, including power distance (PD); individualism versus collectivism (IC); masculinity versus femineity (MF); uncertainty avoidance (UA); and long term versus short term orientation(LSO). The first dimension is PD. Hofstede (1980) explains that PD could be considered the degree ofShow MoreRelatedCultural Constraints in Management by G. Hofstede904 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Review of Hofstede, G. 1993, Cultural Constraints in Management Theories, The Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. There have been many research and studies on the national cultures and its consequences on management theories by numerous researchers. Of those many, ‘Cultural constraints on management theories,’ by Hofstede (1993) is one that has been talked about by most scholars. He strongly claimed that management is a function of culture and that culture influences the way managers behaveRead MoreCross Cultural Management Between China And Australia1498 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of different cultures. Hofstede (1980, pp. 21-23) defines culture as ‘the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another’. This essay examines Hofstede’s cultural framework and suggests that Hofstede’s cultural framework is an outstanding and authoritative tool to analyze culture differences. In this essay, cultural frameworks will be discussed firstly, following by a discussion of my cultural scores and bac kground. FinallyRead MoreThe Nature Of Hofstede s Cultural Framework And Comparing It With Other Culture Frameworks1484 Words   |  6 PagesHofstede’s cultural framework and compare it with other culture frameworks. In the second part my personal score for each of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions will be presented, followed by discussion on how my individual scores relate to the benchmarks suggested by Hofstede for my cultural background. The third section will address the issue of cross-cultural management and give suggestion to an Australian friend who is going to work as a manager in Shanghai. Discussion of cultural frameworks DuringRead MoreEssay on Cultural Intelligence Assessment785 Words   |  4 PagesCultural intelligence assessment will enable the individual to have certain information about himself. It is posited that cultural difference has a greater impact on business effectiveness than we think. 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But however important the skill of negotiation is, many people fail at it and can cause long-term resentments between cultures or firms (Dolan and Kawamura, 2015). International negotiations can be put into three different categories which including security, political and trade negotiations (Druckman, 2001). Trade negotiationRead MoreThe Political Economy And Cultural Studies Theories1429 Words   |  6 Pagestwo hypothetical frameworks: the political economy and cultural studies theories, including their similarities and differences, and how they help in understanding the relationship between the media and society. The Political Economy and Cultural Studies Theories Similarities There are major similarities between the two theories, especially regarding their underlying principles. Both models help understand the relationship between media and the society. The two theoretical frameworks perceive the mediaRead MoreThe Marketing Segment Of The Discipline1746 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Distance is presumably measured by â€Å"the extent to which different cultures are similar or different† (Shenkar, 2001). This construct is now widely used and applied to most business organisation disciplines, such as, management, finance, marketing, and accounting. However, to better explain the impact on global marketing operations, this essay will focus on the marketing segment of the discipline. The study of cultural distance has been used to innovate and transform organisations into foreignRead MoreImplementing Lean Into Smes Within Saudi Arabia Manufacturing Industries1680 Words   |  7 Pages while in larger companies, it is more likely to be implemented su ccesfully and gain the advantages of lean systems (Karim et al., 2011). 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The Minimum Wage Laws Will Secure Prosperity For American...

President Calvin Coolidge said once in an address to newspaper editors that the chief business of America was business. Although his remark is often analyzed as the typical overconfidence that may have lead up to the Great Depression, Coolidge’s statement is clearly more valid now than ever. America’s standard of living is deeply affected by its businesses and their success, which translates to a monumental importance of need to ensure they are allowed to flourish. The minimum wage law hinders American enterprises in numerous ways. Ultimately, the removal of minimum wage will improve the country’s standard of living by creating more lucrative businesses and also by helping citizen’s needs to be met. Dismantling minimum wage laws will†¦show more content†¦Interestingly enough, wages have remained high while unemployment rises. This model is also applicable to the current time period. Businesses can simply not afford to meet the minimum wage law whi le America remains in a trade deficit. Dissolving the minimum wage law will thus result in the ability of business to remain afloat and with time be able to compete with top exporting countries that are not limited by a minimum wage. All of this means that America will once again be able to complete globally. Additionally, the minimum wage laws affect small businesses in a negative way. The National Small Business Association and National Federation of Independent Business continually push back against minimum wage being raised. They have maintained that a high minimum wage will result in small businesses having to cut back hours or cut employees entirely, stifling both efficiency and potential growth (Harrison). Removing the law will create an environment for small businesses to flourish and be able to hire more workers. Although opposing sides argue that minimum wage ensures that people have money to spend (Harrison), they are forgetting a critical point: should minimum wage stay intact, and perhaps even be raised, unemployment will rise, which means fewer people will be able to spend money at all because, after all, people need a job to have money. Furthermore, abolishing minimum wage will result in businesses becoming

Criminal Justice Paper free essay sample

In order to succeed at something so selective and challenging you must understand the cause and truly feel the duty it brings to you. Those that possess the characteristics for becoming a police officer could not do anything but be a police officer, its something youre born with and that you feel. It chooses you, you do not choose it. For many in this world the thought of crime scares them. It brings out the fear of violence, drugs, and the images of some of the worst places or scariest people this world has to offer. It gives officers of law enforcement it gives the thoughts of opportunity to make a difference. The times in which most run away, officers of law enforcement run towards. To be a police officer it is not about the paycheck, it is not about the power it gives to you over another citizen. Its the ability to make a difference and impact society, the ability to be a part of something bigger than yourself. Being a police officer is not something you chose to do; it is something that chooses you. Its not Just a Job, its a lifestyle, its not Just a paycheck but a way of life, those that are destined to become police officers dont turn it off after their shift is over, they dont call out sick, and they dont work regular hours.Police officers sacrifice; they sacrifice their time off, time with family and friends, but most of all they sacrifice themselves and their own well being for the good of those in which they vow to protect and serve, they sacrifice through every single way possible and in some cases they make the ultimate sacrifice. The life of a police officer is not for the faint of heart. Its not for someone who doesnt fully feel and know in their heart that there is no other profession or road of life they could be on other than that of an officer of the law.Ever since I was a child I have been infatuated with the police and law. I remember as a child running around my grandparents neighborhood playing reliever with my friends and always wanting to be the team tasked with capturing the other kids, or riding our bikes around the neighborhood pretending to pull one another over and issuing fake tickets, sometimes even arresting each other and using the cheap plastic handcuffs from the drugstore to put the suspect into custody.One of my most vivid memories and the one I believe captured my attention to truly make me feel that becoming a police officer was the life path I was destined to take was watching cops with my grandmother. I remember fondly sitting on my grandfathers lay-z-boy becoming instantly fascinated with the different traffic stops and dispute calls the p olice would perform. I remember every episode, I would become so engrossed with what was happening and the different calls the officers would go on that I would imagine I was with them and going along as a fellow officer assisting in the arrests.Throughout my life, my opinions and personality changed. Every three years it seemed I was a totally different person than the one before, but one thing that always remained was that I wanted to be involved in law enforcement in one way r another, I wanted to be a part of the brotherhood and to make a difference, I knew that I had the ability both intellectually and integrity wise to get through law school and become a lawyer but I knew from a young age sitting in an office wasnt what I wanted to do, I wanted to impact my community in a positive way through law enforcement, I wanted to be down on the street, in the thick of it.I wanted to see and handle the crime and the thugs first hand; I wanted to be the face of law enforcement. The characteristics of the Job that made most people deflect away are what attracted me the most. The long hours, the threat of danger and adrenaline rushes, even the middle class pay grades, they all intrigued me and made me want this type of lifestyle even more.As I got older I looked into law enforcement mor e and more and with much more scrutiny and detail, I heard the positives and negatives, the risks and the rewards, and the one thing that always stuck out in my mind was the fact that no matter what I heard or what I learned about the career, I never lost interest. I never became deterred, I always carried myself as someone who wanted a future rarer in law enforcement. While some of my friends got into trouble growing up and during high school I made sure to keep my nose clean. I always spoke to everyone with respect and a professional tone, I took my part time Jobs seriously and I made good impressions on all those that I met. I felt, and still do feel, that you cannot make a leader, leaders are born. I firmly believe the same goes for police officers, you cannot take anyone and transform them into a police officer, you can only hope that those that possess the qualities of a police officer realize their gift and pursue the career.This mentality has driven me to change myself physically, mentally, and it has also caused me to change the views of those around me. When I was younger and I brought up the fact that I would like to become a police officer my parents were not thrilled. They did not want me to spend my career in danger handling the worst people that society has to offer. They wanted me, like most parents, to become a doctor or lawyer, have a comfortable life both financially and personal safety wise. I knew that I was better suited for being a police officer out on the street.I did not care about the money or social sacrifices I would have to make, UT most importantly I did not value my personal safety over those that looked up to me, this I believe is a huge quality and characteristic of police officers, to wake up every day and know that you may have to lay down your life in order to protect a complete stranger, not everyone could do this. I learned that I possessed this quality during my years as a high school athlete, I played goalie for my high school lacrosse team.I played a different position prior to high school but my freshman year the captains came to the team and asked for someone to step up and play goalie, I was the only one in my class to raise my hand. In all of sports, a lacrosse goalie is ranked as one of the top 3 most dangerous positions because the solid rubber ball in the sport travels at a speed of 80 to 95 MPH. The goalie wears almost no pads other than a helmet, chest pad, gloves, and an athletic cup. Throughout a season a goalie suffers severe contusions all over their body and on top of this, they are the last line of defense for their team. The position is a high risk-low reward position. If the team wins, they overlook your saves and focus on the players who scored the winning goal but if you lose everyone looks at you for the amount of goals you let in. Most importantly the position is chaotic, hectic, loud, and fast paced and you need to make a decision quickly. The average goalie has . 2 seconds to make a decision during a game. Therefore you must possess the ability to think quickly on your feet, read, evaluate, and act on a situation extremely fast. This is a huge characteristic of a being a police officer. I knew that the position was not for everyone, if it was easy everyone would do it was my philosophy, I did not question why no one else raised their hand that day at tryouts but rather did the Job knowing that others relied on me. The same applies for hat of a police officer. Police officers dont consider the dangers of the Job they do, the risks they take every day and the low rewards that come with the Job. The greatest reward is something no one else can see, its something you feel. Its knowing that you are part of select brotherhood of others that do everything they can, and then some, to make the world safer.There are many different forms of law enforcement in the world. I have chosen to pursue the route of a field officer, someone who goes out and stops crime first hand. I have looked at becoming a lawyer or someone who is a part of the processing aspect f law and the one field of law enforcement that speaks to me and attracts me above all others is that of a field officer, or police officer. I have said before that those that are police officers do not know why they wish to be a police officer, they Just know that it is something that has chosen them.I have looked at the different law enforcement agencies on all levels from federal to state to local. I have narrowed it down to two different possible agencies that I am pursing and hoping to be employed with, these are, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Delaware State Police. The FBI is on the federal level while the ADS is on the state level. Each have their own responsibilities, mission statements, duties, and specialized departments within. Before I pursue a career with either of these departments I am attending college and receiving a bachelors degree in Criminal Justice. After college commencement I will be enlisting in the United States Marine Corps Officer Candidate School and serving my country on the national level as a United States Marine Officer for 4 to 6 years of my life. I have chosen the Marines because they claim to be the best. Their Otto is The few, the Proud, the Marines. This has always struck me in a positive, almost challenging way. Other military organizations ask you to Join them giving you a list of opportunities and rewards they can give you.The Marine Corps challenge you to Join them, they tell you what you can do for them and earn for yourself in the process, they offer the hardest and longest training process out of all the military services and, Just like the ADS, they claim to be the best organization out there. Eve always wanted to be a part of the best unit I can be. I always wanted to be the best of he best. I feel that there is no other option then to push yourself to the Max and to never stop trying to get better at everything you possibly can.I feel that obtaining a college degree and becoming an officer in the Marine Corps will help separate me from others in the selection processes of both the FBI and the ADS. Both of these organizations have rigorous and intense selection processes taking on average at least a year to go through both select candidates for specialized training to transform them into effective and capable tools of law enforcement. I feel whole heartedly that he Marine Corps will help prepare me for the discipline and training I will endure during the selection process and training periods of both the FBI and the ADS, should I be accepted into these organizations.The Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI, is a federal police organization that focuses on neutralizing and preventing crime that are too large and diverse for poli ce agencies on the local and state levels. Their mission statement is, To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and rimming Justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. (Federal Bureau of Investigation, mission statement, 2012) The FBI has numerous specialized units; in fact, its safe to say that they are nothing but specialized units that all work together under one name and for the same cause, to protect the United States. The FBI has field units in security, SWAT, drug enforcement, national security, air security. They also have law units that investigate and chase down some of the countrys worst criminals; they sometimes go global in order to track threats against he United States.You can be a linguist and handle language barriers, field agents, they also have a hostage rescue team. The FBI selection process is unbelievably intense there are seven steps to the process. There is the online application process which is the first step and gets your name in the system along with your accomplishments and attributes. Then comes the written test portion which covers your situational Judgment skills along with your logical reasoning skills. The second phase of testing includes a written paper testing portion along with an interview from a panel of FBI board members.The next phase is a conditional letter which must be written by a member of the FBI board and approved, giving you permission to continue and take the physical testing portion of the selection process. This tests your ability to run in both a sprint and a timed mile run and do sit-up and pushup in timed fashion. If you complete and pass these qualifications you are submitted to go through a thorough background check by the FBI and if everything in your background check checks out you are submitted to go through a medical examination to see if you are in proper physical health to be an agent in the FBI.The selection process for the FBI is rigorous, in depth, and competitive. They select only the best candidates and those that they think will perform the Job to the best of their abilities to help out the bureau in every way possible. The Delaware State Police, ADS, is a state level organization that specializes in the governing three counties in the state of Delaware. Unlike other state police agencies, the ADS not only patrol high ways and enforce traffic violations, they also handle all other police priorities that local police agencies handle as well. The average DelawareState Trooper on a typical day will handle traffic violations and answer domestic dispute calls. They handle crimes ranging from felonies to misdemeanors. The ADS have canine units, detectives, undercover units, scuba units, SWAT units, air units, and patrol officers. As a Delaware State Trooper you can be a part of any of these units as long as you apply and pass the testing for each. The mission of the ADS is, To enhance the quality of life for all Delaware citizens and visitors by providing professional, competent, and compassionate law enforcement services. (Delaware State Police, Mission Statement, 2012). Like the FBI, the ADS selection process is insanely rigorous and intense, it takes roughly a year to complete and over 1000 applicants apply and out of those, only 23 are selected to become Delaware State Troopers (Tap. 1st class Jewell, A. 2012). The selection process contains a written process after being accepted from an online application. Once the written process is done an oral board interview is conducted.If you pass that you are then submitted to the physical fitness portion of the selection process and tested on your ability to perform sit-ups, pushup, and a mimed mile run. If you pass the physical fitness portion you are then submitted to undergo a polygraph exam and fill out a background investigation packet while also being investigated by the police departments investigation unit and interview teams. If all of this is completed and you pass, the ADS will decide on whether or not to admit you to the Delaware State Police Training Academy located in Dover, Delaware.In review of both of these organizations I have decided that I will pursue a career with the Delaware State Police as primary career source and the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a secondary career source, as I reviewed and compared both of these organizations I have sided with the ADS because of their primary cause which is helping make the community safer on more of a local and state level rather than focusing on a national level. I want to help the people in my community and perform the tasks and duties that are required of the Delaware State Police more so than the Federal Bureau of Investigations.I have failed to list the pay grades of both of the organizations as in my personal beliefs I do not feel that is important, in becoming a ember of law enforcement, such a police officer, it is not about the money. Pol ice officers do the Job because it is a calling, the fact that the Job pays you is a bonus, police officers dont go into work because of the paycheck they go into work every day with the intentions of doing something good for the community and impacting it in a positive way, they chose this career not because of the pay but because they wouldnt be able to do anything else.If you hear the call of law enforcement there is no escaping it, you must answer it and until you do so you will not feel fully and truly satisfied. This isnt Just a Job but a lifestyle. As I stated above, I plan on obtaining a 4 year bachelors degree in criminal Justice and serving 4 to 6 years in the SUMS. I feel that taking this route before pursuing my career as a Delaware State Trooper will better prepare me both mentally and physically for my tasks as a police officer, as it will also help me standout in the selection process.I have also gone on multiple ride-along with the Delaware State Police and seen firsthand the day to day calls and activities of a State Trooper. This career has called me and I am in the process of answering it, one step at a time. I have kept my nose clean and stayed out of trouble, I will not Jeopardize myself and my future career with reckless behavior. If it was easy, everyone would do it- unknown, that quote sums up my entire attitude towards life, I choose to perform the Jobs, duties, and tasks that most do not wish to perform.I feel it as my duty and a sense of guilt comes over me when I do not fully undergo and take down these ta sks. I believe this is the mentality most police officers and those that have heard the calling feel. The undoubted need and want to help, they undertake the Jobs that most would not. In times of peril it is the police, firemen, paramedics, and military personnel that run toward the danger. This is something that cannot be explained by anyone in any of these fields; it is something that is understood as special and unique to a certain breed of individual.Police officers dont question the thought of chasing an armed suspect down a dark alley, they Just do. Firemen dont wonder why they go into a burning building as others run out, they Just do. Paramedics and military personnel dont realize that they are saving lives by risking their own well being, they Just do. The sense and feelings of being in one of these positions cannot be explained, many of times my parents, family members, and friends have asked me, Tom why do you want to be a Marine? Or Police Officer? And every time I tell them the exact same thing, If you have to ask me, you wouldnt understand. No one besides a police officer understands why they do it, risk their lives for complete strangers for low amounts of pay, long hours, and low social rewards. They dont do it for any of the reasons above, they do it because its their duty, its who they are, and its ingrained in their blood and DNA. The ability to be a police officer is a unique and special trait; its not Just a career but a lifestyle.

Marketing Principles Strategic Social Marketing

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principlesfor Strategic Social Marketing. Answer: Introduction The Marketing Mix and the 4Ps of marketing are often implemented as proportionate terminology for either. Really, they are not, as is normally done, a similar term. "Marketing Mix" is a wide-ranging turn of phrase utilized to depict the sorts of variety affiliations need to create in the entire methodology of offering a thing or organization available to be purchased by the general population. A good way to deal with the 4Ps is by the request that a marketing manager needs to demand that describe a marketing mix (Bernard Bitner, 2010). Product To start, this marketing strategy is often the product or service on offer. These products usually come in a variety of colors and the popular label of a tick; therefore, it is what marketing managers use to get the first glance of the customer, before moving on to other features. This looks like a good strategy to use in marketing because the company has been selling lots of running shoes, among others, all over the world (French Ross 2015). Place This strategy is about the question of where a potential customer might stumble upon the product. Therefore, the main question a marketing manager asks himself/herself is on the visibility of product. If it is an online presence, then they should be all the major social media networks and to top it up with an interactive website. The follow up step for a marketing manager to take is on accessibility of the product. Price A potential customer will, obviously be interested in the price of the product and contemplate the damage to his/her wallet, this when a marketer comes in and makes an irresistible offer (Mohammed, 2016). Once a strong perception of the thing offered is developed, marketing chiefs may begin contemplating a few assessing choices. Promotion We have an item (Nike shoes) as well as a price now it is a great opportunity to advance it. Progression plots the various ways marketing associations scatter huge product information to buyers and separate a particular thing. Headway fuses segments like advancing, publicizing, online system marketing, email marketing, web-seek instrument marketing, video marketing; and that is just the tip of the chunk of ice. Recommendation A marketing manager with products to sell, for example Nike shoes, has to know what the customer wants from the product. Moreover, he/she should probe the needs that such shoes fulfill. Nike shoes are often marketed to athletes and other joggers because that is what the product fulfills. Features on such shoes are often a comfortable sole in that it has a sponge inside to absorb the shock. In our example of Nike shoes, there should be a link in the companys website to allow customers to buy the shoes. On the other hand, customers might also walk into any of their many physical outlets and complete their purchases right there. Price judgments for Nike shoes might sway common revenue, demand and supply, in addition to marketing outline. Perhaps near products along with trade names should be set contrastingly in light of fluctuating price points. Every position regarding the promotion of Nike shoes has to be retained through a stellar brand to really help quantifiable benefit. References Bernard H. and Bitner M. J (2010) Marketing Strategies and Organization Structures for Service Firms, Marketing of Services, American Marketing Association: 4751 French J. and Ross G. (2015) Strategic Social Marketing, SAGE Publications Inc., p. 90. Mohammed R. (2016) Using the 4Ps as a generic marketing mix: an exploratory survey of UK and European marketing academics, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 13 (9): 4